NaturalGreen

6 Reasons Why You Need To Show The Earth Some Love Today

natural green

Link Author

Title: 6 Reasons Why You Need To Show The Earth Some Love Today
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

There is power in love, and we shouldn’t just show love to those dear to us, we need to extend this love a bit further and share s...

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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There is power in love, and we shouldn’t just show love
to those dear to us, we need to extend this love a bit further and share some
love with Mother Earth. Why should we profess love for material things like our
phones and clothes but ignore Mother Earth? Nature helps things get balanced
and deserves our love! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">You may begin to wonder why we should show some love to
Nature, but you don’t have to wonder anymore because we present solid reasons
why you should show Earth some love.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We are helping ourselves by showing Nature love<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We are only
hurting ourselves if we go ahead chopping down trees in the forest and pollute
the oceans with plastics and other materials. However, if we show Nature some
love by reducing greatly the damage we have done, we are indirectly showing ourselves
love because Nature will become balanced, making life sweeter. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Without Nature, we won’t have a home<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Yes, your
house can be beautifully designed and filled with all sort of pleasantries, but
showing love to the Earth actually makes our houses worth living. Without the
balance created by the natural world, you probably would be struggling to
survive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Nature makes us smile<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There is
something so special about Mother Nature that gives us that inner peace and
joy. This is why, no matter how bad your day has been, you will always have a
reason to be hopeful and smile whenever you look up at the sky.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Nature provides quality air we breath<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Without
oxygen, we can’t live! It is as simple as that. This is why we should show some
love to Nature that provides for us most of the oxygen we breath. Yes, the
oceans account for over 70% of the oxygen we breath, and this is a blessing Nature
gives us freely! Even the carbon dioxide we release to the atmosphere is
absorbed by Nature, creating equilibrium for us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Without the Earth there won’t be pets<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Surely, humans
love pets and we probably have a pet or two we cannot do without, be it a loyal
and caring dog, a cute little cat, and even a colourful parrot, just to name a
few. All the pets and animals we have today are as a result of the natural world.
This is why we should show Mother Earth some love and protect not just our
pets, but also other animals as they all play an important role in making the
world go round.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Nature makes things work in harmony<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Nature has a
way of making things appear beautiful and perfect. Think of the beauty of glaciers,
the graciousness of the ocean flowing in harmony, and the rising and setting of
the sun, just to mention a few. All these natural occurrences will marvel you,
and there isn’t anything we would create that could ever have such a balanced
harmony. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Showing love to Mother Earth is very important and by
doing so, we are indirectly showing love to ourselves. As we appreciate Mother Nature,
she will become happy and return our love in a thousand fold, making the Earth more
conducive and sweeter for our existence. Love makes the world go round, show
Mother Earth some love! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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6 Reasons Why You Need To Show The Earth Some Love Today

There is power in love, and we shouldn’t just show love to those dear to us, we need to extend this love a bit further and share s...

Why glaciers are melting?

natural green

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Title: Why glaciers are melting?
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Current glacier melting under climate warming has drawn wide attention around the world, Earth’s glaciers are melting much faster ...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzTeTV4oGGtXcD4IkndFKjswGFhuM20yt90CBDvJD47MrmFk5M9DKCGLJn8qvY0Wx38R2-qlgKE-NO2iSgE2gu1pyUiAGZjixBFfAPudHbtcJez388dBH7vfhhYR0Qj-aRXsmRNHeItXJ/s1600/2356.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="738" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzTeTV4oGGtXcD4IkndFKjswGFhuM20yt90CBDvJD47MrmFk5M9DKCGLJn8qvY0Wx38R2-qlgKE-NO2iSgE2gu1pyUiAGZjixBFfAPudHbtcJez388dBH7vfhhYR0Qj-aRXsmRNHeItXJ/s640/2356.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Current glacier melting under climate warming has drawn wide
attention around the world, Earth’s glaciers are melting much faster than
scientists thought. According to analysis, almost 369 billion tons of ice is
lost per annum, which is way more than the present ratio of ice in North
America. Glaciers around the world are getting lost almost 5 times faster than <b>the
mid-20<sup>th</sup> century</b>. This process is resulting in the rise of sea
levels to an extent that would be devastated for the people living in coastal
areas. The glaciers are melting way faster in Europe, the region of the
Caucasus, western Canada,48 lower states of the US, New Zealand and near the
tropic. Glaciers located in these regions are losing an average mass of <b>1%</b>
per annum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Why glaciers are melting?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Scientists have known for a long time that global warming is caused
by human activities like burning coal, gasoline and diesel for electricity
transportation is making earth lose its ice. The main concern is the ice sheets
over Greenland and Antarctica. A study published in the journal Science has
found that between <b>1851</b> and <b>2010</b>, human was responsible for only
a quarter of the global loss of glacier mass. The rest of the loss is due to
natural factors such as radiation from the sun and volcanic eruption or
activity. While in the last<b> 20</b> years of that, the human contribution
increased to <b>69%.</b> This is the result of greenhouse gas emission pushing
up global temperature. According to a study conducted at <b>(University of Innsbruck)</b>,
glaciers take decades to adjust to climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">History of Glaciers retreat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Little Ice Age was a period from about <b>1550 to 1850</b> when
the world experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the time.
Before <b>1550</b> and after <b>1850</b> the climate around the world increased
substantially which resulted in the retreats of glaciers to some extent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Some Facts About Glaciers:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">About <b>69%</b> of the world's fresh water is stored in glaciers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Glacierized areas cover over <b>15 million</b> square kilometers (<b>5.8million
square miles</b>) which is about <b>10%</b> of land area on Earth. While in the
maximum points of the last ice age, glaciers covered about 32 percent of the
total land area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If we consider that all of the land ice got to melt the result will
be an increase in sea level about 230 feet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Glacial ice often appears blue which due to the compression of
thousands of years. This compression forces out the tiny bubbles from the ice
which then forms the pure ice crystals which then absorbs the little red light
in it, as a result, the glacial ice appears blue. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Why glaciers are melting?

Current glacier melting under climate warming has drawn wide attention around the world, Earth’s glaciers are melting much faster ...

Junk food industry

natural green

Link Author

Title: Junk food industry
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Health is a necessity to live a prosperous life. But humanity is determined to destroy this beautiful aspect from its nature. Em...

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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Health</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
is a necessity to live a prosperous life. But humanity is determined to destroy
this beautiful aspect from its nature. Emerging health issues are directly
affecting the life expectancy rate all around the world. There has been
rhetoric going on between the <b>WHO </b>(world health organization) officials
to tackle <b>health</b>-related problems. But the problem is that these issues
cannot be solved just by doing a debate or speech. We have to understand the
ground reality here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
junk-food </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">industry is one of the many reasons behind the
increase in<b> health</b>-related issues. The predilection of today’s youth is
towards the unhygienic <b>junk-food</b> because its easily available in many
forms and is cheaper than the actual meal that’s good for <b>health. </b>According
to a study conducted at the <b>IHME</b> (institute of health metrics and
evaluation) consumption of <b>unhealthy</b> food items decreases the lifespan
of a human faster than smoking. Compared to the hyenic diet junk-food contains
the negligible nutrient value and has high levels of salts, sugars, and fat.
For the record, only in the USA, almost <b>700,000</b> people die each year
just because of<b> junk-food.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Diseases
caused by junk or processed food are as follow:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Risk of obesity <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Depression <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Digestive disorders <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Heart disease and stroke <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Diabetes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cholesterol issues<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">From
the total death-troll caused by the <b>junk-food</b> annually, 22% counts for
those which are below the age of 70. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">According
to this study, youth is the most affected by the <b>junk-food</b> industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Obsession
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
ones </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">for whom <b>junk</b> intake becomes compulsive and
uncontrollable at times are considered as an obsession. It’s no amazement that
the human body needs food for survival but some people get addicted to certain
types of food. This addiction can be a result of emotional disturbance like
stress, anger, and sadness. Addiction to food is not a thing to be taken
lightly. According to recent studies, it declared that food and drug addiction
are not much different. Both of the addictions disrupt the parts of the brain
responsible for self-control and have the same sense of pleasure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">How
to reduce it?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A
study shows that one cannot quit the <b>junk-food</b> in an instant or a long run
it's a part of life now and shows no signs of going away anytime soon.
According to a study conducted by a Harvard professor, one can reduce its junk
intake by adding hygienic or organic nutrients to a daily meal. For Example 6
French fries a day along with fresh lattice is considered a good meal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
study also shows that developed countries are more affected by this industry
than developing one. its because in the 3<sup>rd</sup> world or developing
countries vegetable and grain consumption is preferred over the junk intake. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And
almost all the regions of the world saw a climb in the consumption of
artificial nutrients. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />

Junk food industry

Health is a necessity to live a prosperous life. But humanity is determined to destroy this beautiful aspect from its nature. Em...

Green products

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Title: Green products
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The 21 st century has seen the worst environmental crisis in human history. If we look at the earth in a sense that it's our ho...

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
21<sup>st</sup> century has seen the worst environmental crisis in human
history. If we look at the earth in a sense that it's our home then its no
wonder that it seems like a paradigm of a home whose roots are being <b>destroyed</b>
by its inhabitants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In
the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, industries neglected <b>environmental</b>
problems especially from the 1950s to the 1980s. By the time firms realized how
much of the <b>environment</b> is being affected by the <b>pollution,</b> the
damage done by them was beyond repair. It was only in the 1980s the industry
started what we call today green <b>revolution</b> or <b>environment</b>-friendly<b>
industrial-innovation</b>. According to <b>Porter and Van Der Linde (1995)</b>
companies were considering environmental innovation as a response to ecological
challenges. This created a win-win situation for firms as they originated the
cost strategies that were both beneficial for producers and the end consumers.
This gave the scenario gave birth to <b>green marketing</b> which emerged in
the late 1980s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">According
to a study after the 1980s corporations or companies started to adopt or
acknowledge environmental aspects as competitive advantages by using terms like
corporate sustainability, green labeling, green innovation, and green
management.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Consequences
of anti-green production:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In
the past 50 years, mankind has consumed more resources than any previous
recorded history. Corporations neglected the <b>ecological</b> factors to an the extent which led to the extinction of many species by destroying the
atmosphere. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One
of the main reasons for the gradually occurring destruction of the atmosphere
in the human population. The more the population the more resource will be
consumed which eventually contributes to the <b>pollution</b> of air and many
elements of <b>nature</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Here
are some <b>examples.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">9
out of 10 people across the world breaths toxic air. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A
bag made-up of plastic takes a millennium to decompose<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">500
billion to 1 trillion plastic bags end up being used annually worldwide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Forests
around the world are being cut and processed for further usage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Oceans
are being polluted by the chemical emission of industries. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What
is meant by Green products? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A
sustainable product designed in such a way that it has minimum ecological
impacts during its life-cycle and after it’s of no use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">These
products are identified by their two basic characteristics:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Reduced
waste and maximum resource output<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">These
are manufactured under echo-friendly procedures and toxic-free ingredients<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Advantages
of Green products<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There
are millions of green consumers in online markets around the world who pay more
to use more sustainable green products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">People
nowadays prefer green products over the unhygienic ones so going green is a
competitive advantage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
brands which use the green idea to develop their products ultimately shows a
positive image by showing an eco-friendly attitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Problems
with Green products<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Innovation
and a lot of investment are required to manufacture green products which makes
them a bit costly for the end consumer. This factor discourages the end
consumer from buying green products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Illiteracy
about the importance of going green is still a big problem both for the green
corporations and also for the environment. A bulge of the population is still
unknown to the advantages of going green.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To
go green requires a lot of investment and funding for research and development,
this factor holds back many willing corporations from going green<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: open-sans, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><b>Spread the word. Have a nice day.</b></span></span></div>

Green products

The 21 st century has seen the worst environmental crisis in human history. If we look at the earth in a sense that it's our ho...

Find Out Here If Our Earth Natural Resources Are Inexhaustible

natural green

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Title: Find Out Here If Our Earth Natural Resources Are Inexhaustible
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

The natural resources (metals -uranium, thorium, gold and precious stones-diamonds, sapphires, topazes), hydrocarbons (gaseous, liquid...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVdxhk3EwFyZw0Y2aO4iMb3SMhIrtgg63koRnSRCXAKsXJzhLKdd0-_6TnKOw0JeISUjfXDgvR1JXFIy9_TafklfYOmL7sx9_cTVZ68VN01kTIgdKg_JDweDswa67UlNVnZjxQeCUKWcER/s1600/solor.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVdxhk3EwFyZw0Y2aO4iMb3SMhIrtgg63koRnSRCXAKsXJzhLKdd0-_6TnKOw0JeISUjfXDgvR1JXFIy9_TafklfYOmL7sx9_cTVZ68VN01kTIgdKg_JDweDswa67UlNVnZjxQeCUKWcER/s1600/solor.PNG" /></a></div>
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The natural resources (metals -uranium, thorium, gold and precious stones-diamonds, sapphires, topazes), hydrocarbons (gaseous, liquid, solid) and geomaterials (rocks, sands, aggregates) are not renewable. As the international economy is primarily constrained by geology, the result is an unequal distribution of the Earth's wealth and a struggle to appropriate it, requiring technological development to increase recoverable volumes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Some even bet that future natural resources will be taken on other planets, on asteroids; teams are already working on it. In the meantime, let's take stock of the current situation: are there still enough resources on our planet? For how long? Estimate their ultimate volume is quite easy thanks to more and more efficient exploration, but predicting their duration of the operation is another pair of sleeves as it depends on random economic and political factors as well in the short and medium terms. Reserves can only evolve over time depending on the means and declaring them is a political and economic activity of great importance.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fossil Fuel Resources<o:p></o:p></div>
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For more than 15 years the oil and gas peaks have been regularly reported as affected by natural disasters. Yet, it is clear that it is not. As proof, proven reserves of both conventional and sub-conventional and unconventional oil and gas are steadily increasing. The same goes for world production, which has always been able to satisfy demand even when it was supported.  <o:p></o:p><br />
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Will there be a worldwide peak or a long plateau with or without minor peaks? Is this the right question? Should not we rather speak of adequacy between supply and demand? This problem is of prime importance, we have depended for more than a century on more than 80% of fossil energies and the actors of the energy world do not foresee major modifications by 2030, and even 2050, the period during which the demand of Primary energy will increase.<o:p></o:p></div>
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And again, with the world's population increasing every day by 200,000 people, and the standard of living of emerging countries rising continuously! However, technological progress, energy efficiency, and environmental considerations will, probably in the medium term, lead to a gradual reduction in demand.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Of course, fossil fuel reserves are not infinite, but new reserves are discovered, old fields are optimized, technological progress (prospecting techniques, horizontal drilling, and improvement of the primary recovery rate.) This makes it possible to valorize all hydrocarbon resources. Of a conventional oil resource estimated at 6,000 billion barrels (GB), at least 1,200 GB have already been produced (today at a rate of nearly 32 GB/year, or just over 85 million b/day, or about 1000 b/second - 1 barrel = 159 liters).<o:p></o:p></div>
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What remains to recover? For pessimists, about 1,200 to 1,500 GB, for optimists 2,000 to 3,000 GB, the range is broad and mainly driven by the economy (the price of a barrel) and politics (geostrategy). Added to this are (i) unconventional oil (at least the equivalent of 7,000 GB), including oil shale, oil shale, shale oil or shale oil, tight sands, tar sands, and so on, and (ii) conventional and unconventional gas (shale gas and clathrates), also more abundant than conventional oil.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Also, let us add the most abundant fuel, coal, with reserves proven to be three times higher than those of conventional oil. Excluding environmental considerations, these fuels are still usable for a very long time (at least 70 to 100 years for the whole) and we will leave probably the era of the oil while it will remain, in the same way, that the prehistoric man did not leave the Stone Age for lack of stones.<o:p></o:p></div>
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All the better because we do not have in the short term substitutes for airplanes and carbochemistry, the same goes for uranium! Nearly 100 years of constant consumption reserves, then the possibility of producing nuclear energy from thorium, three to four times more common than uranium.<o:p></o:p></div>
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And Mineral Resources<o:p></o:p></div>
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Metals are everywhere, more than twenty in our smartphone the weight of these extracted resources reaches more than 60 Gt/year, more than all the sand displaced on the planet by rivers. Since their exploitation is linked to the improvement of extraction and purification techniques, it is, therefore, possible to increase reserves since low-grade deposits become profitable.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Of course, we started with natural resources that were both extensive and high-grade. Today, it is mostly small to high-grade deposits and others much larger, but with low grades that are exploited. These deposits require huge capital and heavy investments (evacuation of large volumes of rock and consumption of large amounts of water and energy).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Once again, it is difficult to estimate precisely the reserves of metals or precious materials, especially as for technological reasons. All the deposits were only started in the most superficial part of the earth's crust: the deepest mine in the world mines gold in a 3.5 billion-year-old thin quartz vein at a depth of 3.9 km near Johannesburg.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There are no geological reasons for such gold veins or deposits of other metals not to continue at greater depths. The drainage of volcanic or non-volcanic submarine deposits is under study. As with oil, the environmental impact is important with deforestation, groundwater and so on.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Nature reserves are diversified and still abundant. Their farms, when poorly managed, deteriorate the environment, these reserves actually correspond more to an economic concept than to a physical concept. Their qualification as reserves depends on the prices and efforts we are willing to make to recover them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Until now we have remained invigorated energy-hungry, what fossil energy and various metals (fuels and materials) in the 24,000 aircraft carrying 500,000 people around the world at any given moment! This is also part of the question. The reserves are classified into three categories according to the degree of knowledge that one has: reserves 1P or proven (90% of probability of recovering them), reserves 2P or probable (50% of probability) and 3P or possible (10% of probability).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">Lastly, any element of our natural environment, such as soil, water, forests, minerals, and what have you, which humans can use to enhance their well-being can be identified as a natural resource as well. Oil and conventional gas represent hydrocarbons trapped in reservoir rocks, unconventional hydrocarbons have remained in source rocks. The sub-conventional hydrocarbons are trapped in reservoirs located in more than 300 m of water and are inexhaustible out there. </span>

Find Out Here If Our Earth Natural Resources Are Inexhaustible

The natural resources (metals -uranium, thorium, gold and precious stones-diamonds, sapphires, topazes), hydrocarbons (gaseous, liquid...

Carbon sequestration in forests as a the long-term solution for climate change mitigation

natural green

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Title: Carbon sequestration in forests as a the long-term solution for climate change mitigation
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

The increase in the level of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has contributed to global warming which is the increase...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguwKXZ7b8NBNxm2HKaXzmvY88KzHI1ymIF907bG3Cok9PPft4jbXqS-ETGm2yfu9ZiHky1EiI0fswXlpNN3KciesFnVzIr3JGtRK6JxEeCN2Ya7UvKaJprvVfchWhvZer-5OS2xPXwndvO/s1600/natural-climate-solutions.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguwKXZ7b8NBNxm2HKaXzmvY88KzHI1ymIF907bG3Cok9PPft4jbXqS-ETGm2yfu9ZiHky1EiI0fswXlpNN3KciesFnVzIr3JGtRK6JxEeCN2Ya7UvKaJprvVfchWhvZer-5OS2xPXwndvO/s640/natural-climate-solutions.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The increase in the level of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has contributed to global warming which is the increase in temperature of the earth’s near-surface air and oceans(Ramachandran et al., 2008) and other associated impacts including sea ice melting and sea level rise during recent decades.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Carbon dioxide has become a major contributor to the greenhouse gas effect despite other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Thereby lowering the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is set out as one of the essential global targets. The continued increase in its concentration in the atmosphere is believed to be accelerated by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (IPCC, 2007). One of the major approaches for the lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is carbon (C) sequestration in the forests, a process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in the trees.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">According to the Kyoto Protocol (KP), carbon sequestration in terrestrial sinks can be used to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Forests have a higher Carbon density compared to other ecosystems types (Bolin et al., 2000). Forest ecosystems store more than 80% of all terrestrial aboveground carbon and more than 70% of all soil organic Carbon (Six et al., 2002a).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The amount of carbon dioxide sequestered in the forest ecosystem products is greater than the amount of carbon dioxide released through the decomposition and combustion of biomass (Flugsrud et al. 2001). The annual Carbon Dioxide exchange between forests and the atmosphere via photosynthesis and respiration is nearly 50 Pg C/yr. It is 7 times greater than the current anthropogenic carbon emission.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">IPCC has been concluded that the cumulative amount of carbon that can be preserved and sequestrated during the period of 1995-2050 by lowering the deforestation and promoting reforestation in the tropics, associated with the implementation of a global forestation program is about 67-80 GTC(Browns et al., 1996).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Due to an unexpected population growth associated with economic development, intensifying deforestation and degradation of existing natural forest cover, arising demand for forest products as well as non-timber forest products including medicines and fuelwood and accelerated carbon dioxide emissions from anthropogenic sources have declined the global warming mitigating the potential of the forests. So the deforestation is needed to be lower and the reforestation has to be promoted.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">According to the IPCC (2006), there are five carbon pools of a terrestrial ecosystem involving biomass including above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and the dead mass of litter, woody debris, and soil organic matter. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The above-ground biomass of a tree constitutes the major portion of the carbon pool. It is the most important and visible carbon pool of the terrestrial forest ecosystem. Any land use change like forest degradation and deforestation has a direct impact on this component of the carbon pool. The below-ground biomass which is comprised of all the live roots plays an important role in the carbon cycle by transferring and storing carbon in the soil. Both the above and belowground components of terrestrial ecosystems have sequestered 20–25 % of the carbon globally from fossil fuel combustion and cement production between 2000 and 2008 (IGBP/GCP 2010).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Soil organic matter is also a chief contributor to the carbon stocks of forests, next only to the above-ground biomass and soils are a major source of carbon emissions following deforestation. The dead mass of litter and woody debris are not a major carbon pool as they contribute merely a small fraction to the carbon stocks of forests</span></div>

Carbon sequestration in forests as a the long-term solution for climate change mitigation

The increase in the level of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has contributed to global warming which is the increase...

Carbon Trading

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Title: Carbon Trading
Author: natural green
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Carbon trading is an approach used to control carbon dioxide pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving emissions redu...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7T9ZODYlAwDu1TCxsx1WFd37T-mp7v8Vftrax4bcmM9d9VGft8ApzbRGlUCM2DzQ-n8L138GWacV5jA4PaoXcPxbxKJmDilqnnLvTuSDSRYgYFtJKfgfVNqvqgnmCMxzQtd_FQooWapBZ/s1600/principle-emissions-trading.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="1000" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7T9ZODYlAwDu1TCxsx1WFd37T-mp7v8Vftrax4bcmM9d9VGft8ApzbRGlUCM2DzQ-n8L138GWacV5jA4PaoXcPxbxKJmDilqnnLvTuSDSRYgYFtJKfgfVNqvqgnmCMxzQtd_FQooWapBZ/s640/principle-emissions-trading.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">Carbon trading is an
approach used to control carbon dioxide pollution by providing economic
incentives for achieving emissions reductions. The use of market mechanisms, in
the form of carbon trading, has emerged as a key narrative in the international
response to climate change formalized in the United Nations Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Carbon trading was first
proposed to the Second Conference of the Parties (COP) of the UNFCCC in 1996  and was later enshrined in the CDM of the Kyoto protocol of 1997.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There are two main forms
that carbon trading takes: ‘cap and trade’ and offsetting. Under cap and trade
schemes, governments or intergovernmental bodies set an overall legal limit on
emissions in a certain time period (‘a cap’) and then grant industries a
certain number of licenses to pollute (‘carbon permits’ or ‘emissions
allowances’). Companies that do not meet their cap can buy permits from others.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Carbon offsets are based
on ‘emissions-saving projects’ that are created to ‘compensate’ for continued
pollution in industrialized countries in the North. Offsets’ under the Kyoto A protocol is referred to as emissions reductions not covered by the cap in an
ETS. Pollution continues at one location and equivalent emissions saving or
increasing the capacity such as sink (such as forests or soils) will happen
elsewhere beyond ‘business as usual’. Offsets are also now widely traded
outside the Kyoto-compliance market, including by individuals and firms voluntarily
aiming to offset their GHG emissions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Under Kyoto offset
projects fall under either the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint
Implementation (JI) and create credits called certified emission reduction
(CER) and emission reduction unit (ERU) respectively. Currently CDM projects
are the major source of Kyoto offsets and occur in industrially developing
countries falling outside any Kyoto emissions limits. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">JI refers to projects
based in industrialized countries, typically Eastern Europe. Kyoto offsets
support industrialized countries with greater flexibility in meeting their
caps whilst achieving sustainable development and are also referred to as
‘flexibility mechanisms’. These offsets do not require a polluting source to
reduce its emissions, but instead, allow them to increase emissions and offset
them elsewhere. They could just as sensibly be called certified ‘emission
increase’ units. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Growing trees are
important components for carbon trading which happens under the Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) established under the Kyoto Protocol United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Carbon trading allows
developed countries to offset some of their carbon emissions by investing in
climate-friendly projects, such as tree planting under forestry CDM projects,
in developing countries.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">While net global
emissions reductions should occur for source offset, where sink offsets are
involved the total scale of systemic GHG cycling will be expanded (e.g. via
more sources justified by more sinks). Such a process seriously risks further
enhancing the Greenhouse Effect. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Offsets also have several
problems as following. The amount of carbon emitted by the source is not always
equivalent to the amount of carbon offset by the sinks. The amount of carbon sequestration
in trees and soils varies greatly depending on the local environmental
conditions, skills of foresters, management practices and enforcement of regulations.
Forestry can also be subjected to disturbance and soil erosion resulting
release of the stored carbon. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />

Carbon Trading

Carbon trading is an approach used to control carbon dioxide pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving emissions redu...

Environmental Problems And Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources

natural green

Link Author

Title: Environmental Problems And Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

In environmental problems and sustainable use of natural resources, significant imbalances exist in practically all major environmental...

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheb5aneTdMG95_Gz3wmGcdTxA0dDPBuGuXBl_d6vK1PemAsXVJDv7gkc8E8edW-4XNmWn-A8cgAzeyyd8pZenhft2R5v9UdwVU3yqMATXz4NgWTE4WxpSa08Q4ifOA4aRjCzkyNw3EJWty/s1600/nature_destroy.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="870" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheb5aneTdMG95_Gz3wmGcdTxA0dDPBuGuXBl_d6vK1PemAsXVJDv7gkc8E8edW-4XNmWn-A8cgAzeyyd8pZenhft2R5v9UdwVU3yqMATXz4NgWTE4WxpSa08Q4ifOA4aRjCzkyNw3EJWty/s400/nature_destroy.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
In environmental problems and sustainable use of natural
resources, significant imbalances exist in practically all major environmental
areas. Our services in environmental consulting consist of being able to
identify these environmental problems and improve the sustainable uses of the
resources.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjyI2PfbHF9XuMUmMv1Ae5mWjQJiJvhvgkM1QnTggSZFifWEGG15ytlttFP6mr0ekA668qIx9-FVvabLjQMUT5BChaeUHC1gEl9h_SFWt5nj8Kx6Yq5tbsLKA9tWhyW2wCB9Bqd8NRO8uo/s1600/nature_destroy_1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="1163" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjyI2PfbHF9XuMUmMv1Ae5mWjQJiJvhvgkM1QnTggSZFifWEGG15ytlttFP6mr0ekA668qIx9-FVvabLjQMUT5BChaeUHC1gEl9h_SFWt5nj8Kx6Yq5tbsLKA9tWhyW2wCB9Bqd8NRO8uo/s400/nature_destroy_1.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Water represents one of the priority aspects of
environmental matters. There are very severe problems in terms of water
scarcity for human consumption, water quality and pollution of water resources.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
There are countries that face a worrisome and natural
disaster situation, such as Chile, where desertification affects more than 60%
of the territory and produces palpable drops in agricultural production. If
that trend continues and there is no Naturalizer to help the situation, Chile
is heading to be a desert. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
A Kind Of Little Awareness <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
We’re truly astonished by the little awareness of these
natural disasters. Instead of being in the first or second place of political
and civic attention, the issue of the natural disaster is marginalized. This shows
that we still suffer from many political limitations.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
In several countries, the confluence between the natural
disasters or alteration of the water cycle and watersheds, the loss of forests
or another native flora and the advance of climate change generates enormous
ecological disasters. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
There are areas that go through recurrent droughts and
others suffer from unforeseen floods. These and other effects hit mainly
peasants and indigenous people. There must be a kind of Naturalizer to assist
such ugly circumstances, even in this modern 21 century<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
In some affected spot there are just fewer resources in
capital or Naturalizer to deal with those natural disasters exploitation
impacts and, therefore, when they are hit, they contribute even more to leaving
them in a situation of poverty or vulnerability. It is because of these
perverse links between different types of environmental deterioration that I
believe that peasants and family farmers are in much more risky conditions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
To make matters worse, to further complicate the situation,
governments have appealed to reduce environmental controls. The measures are
added to cut the mechanisms of information and environmental participation,
they want to lighten the environmental impact assessments or even to exonerate
different works of that requirement and the locals' organizations are
persecuted. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The myth is fostered that environmental controls impede
development and flexibilities of all kinds are imposed. Then, the state of the
environment deteriorates and, at the same time, our citizen tools to face
everything that is increasingly limited, and the State, far from strengthening
itself in protecting the common good, shrinks even more.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
What Are The Consequences Of This Natural Resources
Situation For Families, Organizations?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The situation of small farmers, especially those who
practice Agroecology, is still very delicate. In all countries, whether under
conservative or progressive presidencies, the recent economic booms were not
used. There were many times when these states had a lot of money from the
natural resources and did not use it to promote a more democratic, less
polluting, more sovereign agricultural conversion. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
On the other hand, a large part of the state funds from
natural resources were going to promote more mining and oil extractivism, and
the proportionally less that was devoted to agriculture ended up promoting
monocultures and Agro exports.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Hardly supported the organic production, many
agro-ecological experiences have managed to survive in spite of everything, and
even some have proliferated. But almost always it has been by the push of the
own agriculturists, by alliances with groups of responsible consumers, or
because they found some niche of the exporting market. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The State did not actually support the recovery of
traditional knowledge or the generation of new scientific information or even technological
applications for Agroecology. On the contrary, most of the work in science and
technology that is devoted to further promoting transgenic varieties, as
happened in the Southern Cone countries.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Increasing Levels Of Water Consumption<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The problem includes very high and increasing levels of
water consumption per capita; high levels of inefficiency in its use; very low
percentage of wastewater treatment; a very small percentage of reuse and severely
contaminated water bodies.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Soil and waste is another priority area from the point of
view of environmental policy. Particularly severe are the following problems:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div 16.0pt="" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" font-size:="" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 16.0pt;">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Lack of identification of sources of generation
and the flow of hazardous waste.</span><br />
 <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span></span>Great insufficiency of infrastructure for the
management and final disposal of waste that could lead to disasters.</span></h3>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Biodiversity is yet another major problem that has to do
with the loss of vegetation cover (forests, primarily) at very fast rates, as
well as with the deterioration of many of the ecosystems and their flora
species because of the exploitation of our natural resources out there.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Air Problems in air quality are faced in a high number of
urban and industrial areas. Sometimes there are impacts on health. Management
capacity in this area, however, has been improving in recent years, mainly with
respect to the emissions reduction of large generators, verification, and
monitoring in terms of fixed sources.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The growing demand for energy and the limitations of the
current installed capacity to supply it, as well as the need to diversify
sources of energy supply, make renewable energies and energy efficiency two
very important items for the coming years, On the other hand, they offer a high
potential for development.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Risk, Noise, And Vibrations From The Exploitation Of Natural
Resources<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
The environmental natural disasters and the need to prevent
impacts on health and ecosystems are becoming more important. It is associated,
however, primarily with high-risk economic activities.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Change and sustainable use of natural resources<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
There must be a change in production, many of the items that
are made of metals today can also be made from plastics, e.g., car bodies. If
less oil is consumed in the course of the energy transition, there is still a
loophole for a while, because this saved oil can be used to produce plastics.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 16.0pt;">
Finally, some of the natural resources such as the world's
oil reserves are coming to an end. Saudi Arabia that has become infinitely
rich with their oil, have long since realized that the natural resources wealth
of their dominion is over and are now investing in forward-looking industries!
Every other nation must begin to look the other way like Saudi Arabia and also
improve the sustainability of these natural resources.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />

Environmental Problems And Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources

In environmental problems and sustainable use of natural resources, significant imbalances exist in practically all major environmental...

Effects of Mini Hydropower Plant and Their Solutions

natural green

Link Author

Title: Effects of Mini Hydropower Plant and Their Solutions
Author: natural green
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Introduction: Non renewable energy sources including fossil fuel, nuclear energy and coal have been used to generate electricity aroun...

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Introduction:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Non renewable energy sources including fossil fuel,
nuclear energy and coal have been used to generate electricity around the
world. Depletion of non-renewable energy sources, environmental pollution
associated with fossil fuel burning and disposal of nuclear waste, energy
crisis and increasing demand are recognized as arising problems associated with
the energy generation from non-renewable energy sources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Recently mini hydropower plants are being promoted
as renewable energy. Hydropower projects below 10 MW capacity are defined as
mini hydropower projects. The hydropower generated within the mini hydropower
plants can be used in two different way. Generated hydropower plant can be sold
to national grid. The generated hydropower can be distributed to use within the
local area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvIlBDS1ZakfskslhLaxxKl2ZGCJyb9orzsN2DEj6ewOcICvEi73QI9I8Y8IYkm2UWyhr9Db8nxYjuLQ__BsfglneCY5lsWIK6mi6WHAG-QmNQDdB1ei2gSF7BKy87BXnPUDs-OXYaJiUS/s1600/image1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="616" data-original-width="988" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvIlBDS1ZakfskslhLaxxKl2ZGCJyb9orzsN2DEj6ewOcICvEi73QI9I8Y8IYkm2UWyhr9Db8nxYjuLQ__BsfglneCY5lsWIK6mi6WHAG-QmNQDdB1ei2gSF7BKy87BXnPUDs-OXYaJiUS/s640/image1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Although hydropower is often marketed as green
energy, there are still social and environmental impacts which usually varies
with the size of the power plant. Impacts associated with mini hydropower
plants are mostly restricted to local environment and public attention dose not
drawn towards these impacts. Further, such impacts could vary with the locations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 53.25pt;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Impacts associated with mini hydropower plants<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mini hydropower plants effects the environment at
different stages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Impact on air at project zone</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
- Heavy vehicles used for excavation and material transporting such as tractors
and loaders emits polluted air due to fuel combustion during the construction
phase of MHP (Cara et al. 2010). Dust is also emitted through the unloading
sand, cement and explosive material. Further, emissions from chemicals such as
paints, fuel and lubricants available at the site affect negatively to the
sensitive biodiversity around the project (Gvakharia 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Impact due
to noise</b> - Project noise can affect during both construction and operation
phases. Concrete vibrators, diesel motors, trash rack cleaner, the trash
conveyor, heavy vehicles and explosions generators disturbing noise at the
construction phase while turbines, the gearbox, the turbine, the transformer,
the hydroelectric unit and the speed increaser can generate continuous noise in
the operation phase of hydropower plants (Cara et al 2010). Noise generated
from construction effects temporary on forest fauna. It may scare birds,
reptiles and other animals. Fauna near to the power plant are effected by the
noise generated from turbines throughout the operation stage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Impact to the riverine environment –Water storage or
diverting flow in the upstream of a stream effects proceeding the downstream. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Trees damaging earth structure as well as vegetation
in upper catchment area have to be removed to provide easy access construction
of infrastructure for mini hydropower plant. Those deforestation activities
negatively affect the sensitive aquatic structure of the area, destroy the food
and habitats of animals, disturb the food chain and cause soil erosion, remove top
soil, finally leads to slope instability in the impact area. Water sources dry
up due to deforesting and affect the domestic water supplies of the area. Felling
economic crops and trees with timber value affects the economy of the society
of the particular area (Thoradeniya et al. 2007). The topography of the area is
changed by the constructing concrete structure and felling trees. Those topographic
changes can decrease the esthetic beauty and land value of the area. Such
deteriorations in catchment increase the soil erosion potential of channel beds
and banks and ultimately leads to landslide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Explosive materials have to be used for explosion of
rocky substrates during constructions phase of the mini hydropower plants. Those
explosions effect health and safety of employees and neighbors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It the hydropower generation is involved with the
upstream areas of main rivers, it affects the water body all over the country. Water
diversions for power generation causes either complete eliminating or
significant reduction of downstream flow during dry season. It increases the
risk of salt intrusion towards the fresh water rivers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This flow
variation with time negatively effects the structure of aquatic ecosystem
structure and fishing migration in between intake and outlet of the power plant.
Allocation of water from stream for hydropower plant generation leads to water
shortages for other water users including irrigation, agriculture and other traditional
usage of the stream.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chemicals used in construction and operation stages cause
sudden leakage or spills and mix with stream. It reduces water quality and affects
the whole biodiversity of the area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Construction
activities of mini hydropower plants leads to heavy sedimentation at the
reservoir base. It reduces the capacity of the catchment bed. Thereby it
increases the potential of flood during heavy rains. Deposition of sediment on
the breeding ground effects the reproduction of the aquatic animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Birds and other human activities are obstructed by transmission
lines through sensitive ecosystem. It causes bird strikes and electrocutions.
Further, health and safety issues like cancer and headache for human are also
caused by high voltage transmission lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Storage of water in a same place for long time
provide ideal breeding habitats for mosquitoes. Thereby it indirectly increases
the transmission of vector borne disease to surrounding areas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Water shortage of stream results in declined
landscape values and tourism activities and cause disturbance to other leisure
activities related to the stream. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The construction of dam across stream disturb the migrations
of fish species for different needs including reproduction and searching of food.
These movements are always essential to ensure the fish survival. One of best example
is the migration of eel that, after growing in the river, moves into sea across
the downstream in order to reproduce. It also separates the populations of
aquatic organisms. Continuous rotation of turbine kill or injures the fishes
which pass through it. Thereby mini hydropower reduce the population density of
aquatic animals and decline the biodiversity of the aquatic body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt; line-height: 107%;">Mini hydropower
plants are not totally emission free. Small run-of-the-river plants will
typically emit between 0.01 and 0.03 pounds of CO2 per kWh. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Migratory measures:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the
best methods to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts linked
with mini hydropower throughout the to the project life cycle before the
construction of them and suggests the most suitable mitigation measures. Cost
benefit analysis can be carried out to select the best place for construction
of mini hydropower including the environmental impacts as cost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Careful design and rational operation can mitigate
these effects effectively and enhance the integration of the plant within the
natural environment in which it is built as following.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A minimum flow must be released for hydro power
generation in order to maintain adequate environmental flow to preserve the
hydrological continuity of the river and the conserve the natural habitat and
ecological life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The impacts of noise can be unacceptable when the
mini hydropower plant is located near to houses or in a sensitive natural area.
Small tolerances in gear manufacturing, application of sound insulating
blankets over the turbine casing, use of water cooling instead of air cooling
of the generator and acoustic insulation of the building can be taken to
minimize the noise around the mini hydropower plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hydraulic
wheels with a fixed barrage inside of them can be installed rather than
conventional turbine. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rotation
velocity of the vanes is 10 times slower than the conventional ones. So Fish
can go through the turbines without any damage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The construction of fish ladder, dissipate the
energy providing a low-velocity flow through which the fish can easily ascend.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbS74plkvvnlqirNpqze3h5MHvGxVahiirilbWDxIJWdlpn-bFz-Iv6fzkGP7B3E7ITBMK2DOe0CklcBgBtAxhbeR6xCAo2Font0e4r17j9B-LfPUrz-jmEEi43wWR4QkGCrLMRM4FPMSt/s1600/image2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="226" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbS74plkvvnlqirNpqze3h5MHvGxVahiirilbWDxIJWdlpn-bFz-Iv6fzkGP7B3E7ITBMK2DOe0CklcBgBtAxhbeR6xCAo2Font0e4r17j9B-LfPUrz-jmEEi43wWR4QkGCrLMRM4FPMSt/s320/image2.png" width="241" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The mini hydro power plants can be constructed with
minimum damage to the catchment vegetation. Trees can be grown around the
catchment of existing plants to enhance the esthetic value of the environment,
preserve the biodiversity and trap the water during heavy rainfall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Timber and stone wall or brush mattress can be
applied to protect the stream bank from the erosion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The power house can be constructed by using natural
features including use of local stones, ground, and vegetation for the building
and, non-contrasting colors and textures for painting to reduce contrast with
the background to minimize visual impact.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Small-scale weirs can be built to trap the sands and
the particles and later it can be manually removed. The accumulation of
sediment can be reduced through the mechanically removing the sediments by
periodic dredging (Bergkamp et al., 2000). Sediments can be removed through
periodic flushing of the reservoir by releasing large volumes of water through
outlets in the dam. In the case of run of rivers, flow diversion is helped to
reduce the sedimentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The renewable energy label can be given for both of
new and existing hydropower plants. Highest standard can be only achieved by following
the strict environmental conditions including improving environmental flows,
sediment flushing, fish ladders and protective measures for wetland. In
addition to those protective measures, operators have to allocate a part of
their income for environmental improvement measures, including habitat restoration
and rehabilitation. Consumers can choose to purchase ‘green’ electricity at a higher
price.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Effects of Mini Hydropower Plant and Their Solutions

Introduction: Non renewable energy sources including fossil fuel, nuclear energy and coal have been used to generate electricity aroun...

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