Phylum Protista

Animal-like protists

Characteristics

^v Habitat: Marine/freshwater/brackish water

^v   Mode of living: Free-living/Parasitic/Symbiotic relationships

^v   Cellular organization: Eukaryotic

^v   Unicellular (Some have multicellular stages in their life cycles)

^v   Cell surface:

(1) Except for Amoeba, all other Protista have an extracellular matrix (ECM).ECM form strong cell wall Ex: Foraminifera and diatoms secrete glassy shells of silica.

(2) Cysts: Helps the delicate cell surface to tolerate for

Unfavorable conditions Ex. Vertebrate parasitic Amoeba can tolerate high gastric acidity, not the high temperature or desiccation.

^v Colonial/Solitary

^v   Protoplasmic level of organization

^v   No organs or tissues

^v   Have specialized organelles

^v   Symmetry: Represent all symmetric

^v   Mode of feeding: Heterotrophic

^v   Locomotion: Cilia/Flagella/ Pseudopodia

^v   Asexual reproduction: Fission/Budding

^v  Sexual reproduction: Meiosis (Production of haploid cells from diploid cells.)

Class: Zooflagellata

·        Ex: Trypanosoma

·        Habitat: Blood and lymphatic system of human and domestic animals

·        Locomotion: Flagellum

·        Feeding: Endo- parasitic

·        Reproduction:

o   Asexual: Binary fission

·        Importance: Sleeping sickness

Class: Ciliophora

·        Ex: Paramecium

·        Habitat: Freshwater

·        Locomotion: Cilia

·        Feeding: Heterotrophic (Food particles are ingested by groove ducal and digest them internally.)

·        Reproduction:

^§   Asexual: Binary fission

^§    Sexual: Conjugation and exchange genetic material

Class: Apicomplexa

·        Ex: Plasmodium

·        Habitat: Bloodstream of mammals (human)

·        Locomotion: Passively carried by the flow of the blood

·        Mode of feeding: Heterotrophic (Endo-parasitic)

·        Reproduction:

^§   Asexual: Human fission

^§    Sexual: Mosquito

·        Importance: Vector of Malaria

Class: Rizopoda

·        Ex: Amoeba

·        Habitat: Freshwater

·        Locomotion: Finger-like pseudopodia

·        Feeding: Heterotrophic (Use pseudopodia for capturing food particles)

·        Reproduction:

^§   No sexual reproduction

^§    Asexual reproduction: Binary fission

·        Importance: As a laboratory  specimen.

Class Actionpoda

·        Ex: Radiolaria

·        Habitat: Marine

·        Locomotion: Needle-like pseudopodia

·        Feeding: Heterotrophic (Use pseudopodia for capturing food particles)

·        Reproduction:

o   Asexual: Budding/Binary fission

·        Importance: Ocean oozes of Si and SrSo4

Class Foraminifera

·        Ex: Globigerina

·        Habitat: Marine

·        Locomotion: Pseudopodia

·        Feeding: Heterotrophic (Use pseudopodia for capturing food particles)

·        Reproduction:

^§   Asexual: Multiple fission

·        Importance: Ocean oozes of limestones