Mangrove forest

<h3> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What are the mangrove forests?</span></u></b></h3> <div> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The mangrove forests are comprised of small shrubs as well as tall trees with 10 m height which have ability to survive in salty conditions called as halophytes.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QDBM22e5iJA/V05FCcMCeEI/AAAAAAAAAWk/PUAtRv-oL_MmdwZrNqBxT4WoeQGSAijtQCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-19.jpg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QDBM22e5iJA/V05FCcMCeEI/AAAAAAAAAWk/PUAtRv-oL_MmdwZrNqBxT4WoeQGSAijtQCLcB/s640/mangrove-forest-19.jpg.png" width="640" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <h3> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Distributions</span></u></b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They are distributed among tropical and sub-tropical conditions, South Asia, Africa, America and Australia.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shorelines, lagoons and estuaries are covered with mangroves.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Range of the temperature is in-between 32-38</span><span style="font-family: "angsana new" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">°</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">C.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It gets average annual rainfall of 1500-3000mm. <o:p></o:p></span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RYrG_T9xyGs/V05F0XdIybI/AAAAAAAAAWs/ALkmLW1gowkYnEaSRcm4TpbJiT9zFj1dQCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-18.jpg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RYrG_T9xyGs/V05F0XdIybI/AAAAAAAAAWs/ALkmLW1gowkYnEaSRcm4TpbJiT9zFj1dQCLcB/s640/mangrove-forest-18.jpg.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adaptations<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leaves have excreted glans to remove excess salt.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It has specialized roots for removing excess salt before spreading into other parts. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Their knee roots exist above water and anaerobic soils to capture oxygen from the air. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style="margin: 20px;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eKN-CqUqSb4/V05GgFG7dGI/AAAAAAAAAW8/Nyguv6cXzEgfShK-COJO7197dgEfsDeVwCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eKN-CqUqSb4/V05GgFG7dGI/AAAAAAAAAW8/Nyguv6cXzEgfShK-COJO7197dgEfsDeVwCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0Hfhhe3xiIM/V05GgWBOdbI/AAAAAAAAAXA/yK7Qyy9R-agiM15Hm2GjzPN0bDCoilAaACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0Hfhhe3xiIM/V05GgWBOdbI/AAAAAAAAAXA/yK7Qyy9R-agiM15Hm2GjzPN0bDCoilAaACLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Their dense roots system is speeded into deep soil to increase stability.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leaves have waxy surface to prevent water loss by evaporation.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-drA6k1YW4OU/V05Gpia2GiI/AAAAAAAAAXE/AO6-6xTOC3oUJCNea0laX59WrsvqRc_XgCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-drA6k1YW4OU/V05Gpia2GiI/AAAAAAAAAXE/AO6-6xTOC3oUJCNea0laX59WrsvqRc_XgCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-15.jpg" /></a></div> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some of mangroves produce seed with floats. Most of mangroves are viviparous which are able to produce germinated seeds     <o:p></o:p></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WP7DYW8mVsY/V05HAy05-FI/AAAAAAAAAXM/ojiMIJOa4S0Q2-K0PLalz9VeM1yLYym6QCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WP7DYW8mVsY/V05HAy05-FI/AAAAAAAAAXM/ojiMIJOa4S0Q2-K0PLalz9VeM1yLYym6QCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mIgd8R3AdE0/V05HA_BXwZI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/D5PlHe9-0-ER9KKmamrSdoRUgVcvHVEyQCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mIgd8R3AdE0/V05HA_BXwZI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/D5PlHe9-0-ER9KKmamrSdoRUgVcvHVEyQCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qVxpx-XNMsQ/V05HA2K7EcI/AAAAAAAAAXU/EwusUHTv-bAaVKqyiSoLXF4uVtu0TA2twCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qVxpx-XNMsQ/V05HA2K7EcI/AAAAAAAAAXU/EwusUHTv-bAaVKqyiSoLXF4uVtu0TA2twCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-14.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uCR9DZ79iFo/V05HBWLY0aI/AAAAAAAAAXY/sZDqchZNxWgHA8s_Y3ivd0NIbVrriwIKACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uCR9DZ79iFo/V05HBWLY0aI/AAAAAAAAAXY/sZDqchZNxWgHA8s_Y3ivd0NIbVrriwIKACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-15.jpg" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They restrict their stomata opening during the day time in order to minimize evaporation.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <h3> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><span style="height: 166px; margin-left: 100px; margin-top: 28px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 219px; z-index: 251661312;"></span><b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Importance</span></u></b></h3> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They support to carry out natural carbon sequestration with capturing carbon dioxide for their photosynthesis. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It supplies shelter, breeding place and foods for animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Migrated birds are facilitated by supplying foods and breeding places. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It supplies nutrients for marine water ecosystem. Falling leaves and branches of mangroves are decomposed by bacteria in the water body and release nutrients. These nutrients are used by organisms in the water body.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Young ones of some marine fishes live in its dense roots system.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It acts as a filter and remove pollutants form the water flow.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Soil erosion from the coastal shoreline is prevented by their dense root systems. </span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fauna of the mangrove ecosystem<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Coral reef <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Le_JJQi6eTI/V05HaPMWcNI/AAAAAAAAAXg/ouACcUEzhTkwGL4X1IDzD2zJdCShRG2-wCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Le_JJQi6eTI/V05HaPMWcNI/AAAAAAAAAXg/ouACcUEzhTkwGL4X1IDzD2zJdCShRG2-wCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Snakes<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ujSF8s_g154/V05Hi-9BDII/AAAAAAAAAXo/bVAgD-gwQLAAru_2JIDK51YHvoyiWyV5ACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ujSF8s_g154/V05Hi-9BDII/AAAAAAAAAXo/bVAgD-gwQLAAru_2JIDK51YHvoyiWyV5ACLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-9.jpg" width="256" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Birds- White breasted water hen<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XRkSrs0l05M/V05HpiDj2SI/AAAAAAAAAXw/y__fVyAvdmMh6Ajb7ODQPJp_k1PNRNW5gCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XRkSrs0l05M/V05HpiDj2SI/AAAAAAAAAXw/y__fVyAvdmMh6Ajb7ODQPJp_k1PNRNW5gCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-8.jpg" width="307" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pelican</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Iskoola Pota"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VPqVIIcYqc8/V05Hxpw11nI/AAAAAAAAAX0/9Uxs9El-Fgktwl5huueXQpn-ueNQrGSJACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VPqVIIcYqc8/V05Hxpw11nI/AAAAAAAAAX0/9Uxs9El-Fgktwl5huueXQpn-ueNQrGSJACLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-7.jpg" width="239" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bivalve<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n5QMwZ2oItI/V05H4hg1qNI/AAAAAAAAAX4/-fOP8cj-EF8ofADP8e4jdtuYYheMNbXVgCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-n5QMwZ2oItI/V05H4hg1qNI/AAAAAAAAAX4/-fOP8cj-EF8ofADP8e4jdtuYYheMNbXVgCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Crabs<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fm7qGESIJbM/V05H-mSFgoI/AAAAAAAAAX8/ze6mGFK3ZyEoj4RTYMHSAHQdRNsv6UeYQCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fm7qGESIJbM/V05H-mSFgoI/AAAAAAAAAX8/ze6mGFK3ZyEoj4RTYMHSAHQdRNsv6UeYQCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Monkeys<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ESi-TXD00b4/V05IGq9KuYI/AAAAAAAAAYA/s0xI-iWNm_Aq_ve2OwwJWMuG7yXLMwlVgCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ESi-TXD00b4/V05IGq9KuYI/AAAAAAAAAYA/s0xI-iWNm_Aq_ve2OwwJWMuG7yXLMwlVgCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sea turtles<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GbIDN8dKFkE/V05IMbP0iMI/AAAAAAAAAYE/0Tvj-ReE-9g4vSDP2EEn2_1LzLGDy6KTgCLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GbIDN8dKFkE/V05IMbP0iMI/AAAAAAAAAYE/0Tvj-ReE-9g4vSDP2EEn2_1LzLGDy6KTgCLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <h3> <b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">     <u>Treats</u></span></b></h3> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mangroves are cut down for firewood by local people. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mangroves are cleared for constructions like resort and hotels. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pollutants which are disposed by nearby community are collected in the mangroves aid in the water flow.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Unlimited boat rides for foreign as well as local tourists is disturbed for the equilibrium of the </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">Eco</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> system.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leakages of boats cause for water pollution. They retain on the roots of the mangroves which disturbed to the air exchanging.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Visitors try to feed wild animals with foods which are packed in a non- digestible Martials. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Over exploitation causes extinction of some species from the </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">Eco</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> system. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3qk7u9SfvyI/V05IQlHksbI/AAAAAAAAAYM/yiG_RqUM6Ew3gCaEo8n2FVkJQp6OUhceACLcB/s1600/mangrove-forest-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3qk7u9SfvyI/V05IQlHksbI/AAAAAAAAAYM/yiG_RqUM6Ew3gCaEo8n2FVkJQp6OUhceACLcB/s320/mangrove-forest-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Protection of the mangrove forests<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Exploitation of fishes and shrimps are prohibited in their breeding season.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Number of boat rides per day is restricted and set a fine for excess every ride. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Construction in the mangrove forest is prohibited.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is not allowed visitors to bring polythene bag to the mangrove forests.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">People who are disposed their waste into coastal area is fined.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cutting mangroves for firewood is prohibited. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Feeding animals in the mangrove forest is prohibited by putting board in the forests and guarding officers. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is not allowed boats which are not properly maintained to rides.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Awareness programs are carried out for general public to encourage protect the mangrove     forests.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; 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Mangrove forest

What are the mangrove forests? The mangrove forests are comprised of small shrubs as well as tall trees with 10 m height which have ab...

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Shark

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Dg4DPkg_ixw/V05APxmD6vI/AAAAAAAAAWI/ZPxIns_P8HQuxG-dev-xEdtCOTBm3EnlQCLcB/s1600/shark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Dg4DPkg_ixw/V05APxmD6vI/AAAAAAAAAWI/ZPxIns_P8HQuxG-dev-xEdtCOTBm3EnlQCLcB/s640/shark.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">  </span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><u><br /></u></span></b></div> <h3> <b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><u>Characteristics</u></span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fusiform body or dorosventrally depressed<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Paired pectoral/pelvic fins and two dorsal fins<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In male under pelvic fins, there are caspers for releasing gametes to water.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Skin with placoid scales.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Endoskeleton entirely cartilaginous.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Digestive system with J shaped stomach.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4 chambered heart.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No swimming bladder or heart.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Excretion product is urea(To prevent water loss)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sense of smell, vibration reception (lateral line system), vision and electroreception well developed.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inner ear open to outside by end lymphatic duct.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sexes are separate.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Paired gonads.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Internal fertilization.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Oviparous/Viviparous/Oviviparous<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <h3> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Idenitifical featuers</span></u></b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ventral mouth<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Caudal fin is heteroceral<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1^st caudal fin is triangular.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5 Paris of gills.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A paired rostrum.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Long, laterally compressed and spindle shaped at both ends<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PvFs9kdF-Ko/V05AlBEk_HI/AAAAAAAAAWM/f_6gYLu97w8pcdbgjX0M4LzTpNqsTLcEgCLcB/s1600/shark-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PvFs9kdF-Ko/V05AlBEk_HI/AAAAAAAAAWM/f_6gYLu97w8pcdbgjX0M4LzTpNqsTLcEgCLcB/s640/shark-1.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #454545; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sharks are very good at adapting to new situations and environments which is why they have survived in the water for millions of years.</div> <div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #454545; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The habitat of a shark depends on the species though. Sharks are cold blooded, and that would usually imply that they would search for areas where the temperatures are very cold. However that is not true as there are sharks living in warm, temperate and cold waters.<span style="background-color: white;">Sharks depend on their senses to help them survive in their natural habitat. Therefore, most of the shark senses are highly developed and efficient .</span></div> <div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #454545; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: white;">Sharks engage in different forms of communication. Although sharks are loners, they have the intelligence to communicate.</span><span style="background-color: white;">Images of the most common types of shark tails. Tails are important part of shark anatomy which help them to achieve fast swimming speeds.</span></div> <div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #454545; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-65880709-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>

Shark

   Characteristics ·          Fusiform body or dorosventrally depressed ·          Paired pectoral/pelvic fins and two dorsal f...

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Map Projections

<h2> <b><u><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">What is the map projection?</span></u></b></h2> <div> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A map projection is a way to represent the curved surface of the earth on the flat surface of a map.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1rtoYQefino/V0u8h0SgfyI/AAAAAAAAATU/oDes9Ycyf1I1rb0T07rwPIu1bTdFCfn-gCLcB/s1600/map-projection.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1rtoYQefino/V0u8h0SgfyI/AAAAAAAAATU/oDes9Ycyf1I1rb0T07rwPIu1bTdFCfn-gCLcB/s400/map-projection.png" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 50px; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To represent the curved surface of the earth on the flat surface of the paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 50px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To minimize the distortions of the earth.<o:p></o:p></span><br /> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"> <h3> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Types of map projections</span></u></b></h3> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cylindrical projections:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wrap a piece of paper around the earth to form a cylinder and bisector from top to the bottom and flattened into a plane.  <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since cylindrical projections are tangent to the earth equator, there are no distortions along the equator of cylindrical projections. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But it distorts near the Polar Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Therefore cylindrical map projections are most suitable for mapping the earth equator.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jvjJJUgOXfs/V0u8j91P11I/AAAAAAAAATY/08U8pyGHqv0AgiWGbFrDfMbfkF8VJogzQCKgB/s1600/map-projection-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jvjJJUgOXfs/V0u8j91P11I/AAAAAAAAATY/08U8pyGHqv0AgiWGbFrDfMbfkF8VJogzQCKgB/s320/map-projection-1.png" width="168" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conic projections:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wrap a piece of paper around the globe to form a cone and cut from apex to bottom and lay flat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As conic projections are tangent to higher in latitude as the cone angle increases.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Therefore conic projections are most suitable for mapping mid-latitude areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FjZQU-QqZNA/V0u8j8ic6yI/AAAAAAAAATg/NLLkpTh0ntso8nvn7Eg_hApDDcHF5sWTwCKgB/s1600/map-projection-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FjZQU-QqZNA/V0u8j8ic6yI/AAAAAAAAATg/NLLkpTh0ntso8nvn7Eg_hApDDcHF5sWTwCKgB/s320/map-projection-2.png" width="205" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Planar/Azimuthal projections:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Place a piece of paper on a single point on the earth. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It used plot shortest distance between two points but landmasses are distorted away from the central points. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since planar projections are tangent to northern and Sothern Polar Regions, patterns of area and shape distortion are circular about the focus.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Therefore planer projections are ideal for mapping Polar Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gGmYhozpDf8/V0u8j6olbpI/AAAAAAAAATc/pD0pOHIAMEwZtTUFhmOnv0pG3wF1MRMRwCKgB/s1600/map-projection-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gGmYhozpDf8/V0u8j6olbpI/AAAAAAAAATc/pD0pOHIAMEwZtTUFhmOnv0pG3wF1MRMRwCKgB/s320/map-projection-3.png" width="179" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="color: red; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Distortions of earth, a shape can be minimized by using map projections which have the same shape as a particular area of the earth. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                            <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What are the distortions?<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Area: The size of a feature on a map is the same relative to its size on the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">           A larger area like America has relatively higher errors than that of the smaller areas like Sri Lanka.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Distance: The distance from one point to another on a map is the same relative to its distance on the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shape: If a map preserves the shape, then feature outlines (like country boundaries) look like the same on the map as they do on the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: The degrees of angle from north to a given point on a map is the same relative to its angle one the earth.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Examples for distortion of world map</span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">1) Distortions of Mercator cylindrical projection</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ojhUnt6G92k/V0u8kd95bjI/AAAAAAAAATk/D6HinioNHjElEZpSFbFsjBhxShigBdzdQCKgB/s1600/map-projection-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ojhUnt6G92k/V0u8kd95bjI/AAAAAAAAATk/D6HinioNHjElEZpSFbFsjBhxShigBdzdQCKgB/s400/map-projection-4.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Distortions of Planar/Azimuthal projections:</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f0PDb4gHSZ8/V0u8kV8PT2I/AAAAAAAAATo/q4CHD0xhERcR0kgWXAza2cOA4X1cAeONwCKgB/s1600/map-projection-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f0PDb4gHSZ8/V0u8kV8PT2I/AAAAAAAAATo/q4CHD0xhERcR0kgWXAza2cOA4X1cAeONwCKgB/s400/map-projection-5.png" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 84.85pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> </div> </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); 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Map Projections

What is the map projection? A map projection is a way to represent the curved surface of the earth on the flat surface of a map. ...

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Tips to Minimize Solid Waste Generation in the Sustainable Manner

<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <u><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Why we need to minimize waste generation</span></u></h2> <div> <u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></div> <div style="margin-left: 50px;"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Save our money.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Minimize environmental pollution and problems.<br />        Ex: Floods</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 71.05pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Reduce the outbreak of diseases among the population. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Save our natural resources.<br />        Ex: Trees can be saved by reusing and reducing of usage of papers.</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 47.7pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 47.7pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Maintain a pleasant environment.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 47.7pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]-->Earn money.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">  Ex: Compost is an organic fertilizer that has the highest demand for framers. <o:p></o:p><br /> <br /> <h3 style="tab-stops: 93.45pt; text-indent: .5in;"> <u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>3R concept</b></span></u></h3> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3R concept is used to minimize waste generation in an efficient way. 3R represents reduce, reuse and recycle. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uzZXiozGoJ8/V0sJD-KJSKI/AAAAAAAAASY/S13Pt4Nthi4MIH2A2rFYP7ahE9UM8_yHQCLcB/s1600/reuse-reduce-recycle.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uzZXiozGoJ8/V0sJD-KJSKI/AAAAAAAAASY/S13Pt4Nthi4MIH2A2rFYP7ahE9UM8_yHQCLcB/s320/reuse-reduce-recycle.png" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reduce: Reduce the amount of waste generated and maximize usage of items.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Maintain and repair items for longtime usage. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 83.45pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ex: Clothes, Appliances <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 83.45pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Burrow, rent or share which do not use regularly. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ex: Books, tools<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 83.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shop with your own bag to market or grocery instead of purchase<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 83.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use food scraps to feed animals rather than disposal.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 83.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Don’t dish up foods more than you need at a buffet.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 83.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nAKWKox-ZZE/V0sJJ74tRzI/AAAAAAAAASc/DVK6hH3SDww_IBzForGkOY-nPcRYVHMQgCLcB/s1600/make-compost.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nAKWKox-ZZE/V0sJJ74tRzI/AAAAAAAAASc/DVK6hH3SDww_IBzForGkOY-nPcRYVHMQgCLcB/s400/make-compost.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 83.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use garden waste and vegetable scraps for compost.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xlYrEkwCB4s/V0sJMw2FBcI/AAAAAAAAASg/9Vcrp7gw3V0TupciTocuw05IngJpT_uZACKgB/s1600/compost-example.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xlYrEkwCB4s/V0sJMw2FBcI/AAAAAAAAASg/9Vcrp7gw3V0TupciTocuw05IngJpT_uZACKgB/s400/compost-example.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use dishes for serving food instead of paper plates. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Make a list of food items with quantities before shopping. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">10)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pay attention expiry dates of food items before purchase.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">11)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Store properly vegetables and fruits in the refrigerator. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">12)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keep the temperature of the refrigerator below 40F for proper storage of fish and meat. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">13)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Check the refrigerator regularly in order to avoid spoil vegetables and fruits. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">14)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use refillable pens and pencils.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">15)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Store files electronically rather than a printed copy.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">16)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use both front and back sides of papers for print. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">17)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reduce font size and expand margins to reduce pages of documents. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">18)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Send e greeting cards to relations instead of printed greeting cards. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">19)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Don’t buy extra bags unless you really need them. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">20)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Try using concentrated products which need less packaging.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 62.45pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ex: Soap, Biscuits<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 62.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">21)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Give items to charity or sell rather than throwing them away.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 62.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 62.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reuse: Repeated use of items or parts of items which still have usability<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reuse polythene bags.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Clean and reuse plastic or glass containers for storage of foods.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use waste as material for decorations and greeting cards. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 62.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ex: Plastic bottles, papers, CDs<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HF6flSQO4nY/V0sJOVxBX7I/AAAAAAAAATA/glqCuh-5BVUQNljU6cMm2lF8o6f0OleggCKgB/s1600/waste-material.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HF6flSQO4nY/V0sJOVxBX7I/AAAAAAAAATA/glqCuh-5BVUQNljU6cMm2lF8o6f0OleggCKgB/s400/waste-material.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4Xte99C_XdA/V0sJNekaKEI/AAAAAAAAATA/h7QdNIyaiK8imcY9IWxcPPnAeg7pBKmCwCKgB/s1600/waste-material-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4Xte99C_XdA/V0sJNekaKEI/AAAAAAAAATA/h7QdNIyaiK8imcY9IWxcPPnAeg7pBKmCwCKgB/s400/waste-material-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.8pt; text-indent: -.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use waste marital as pots for growing plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ex: Plastic bottles, Tiers<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vPCBsj1w9fA/V0sJNwIgQpI/AAAAAAAAATA/km8py9kvJSw0pguQ7B7hLyHKI4oHmdgiQCKgB/s1600/waste-material-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vPCBsj1w9fA/V0sJNwIgQpI/AAAAAAAAATA/km8py9kvJSw0pguQ7B7hLyHKI4oHmdgiQCKgB/s400/waste-material-2.jpg" width="305" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iQmZaX0CdnM/V0sJN5sQRoI/AAAAAAAAATA/Nes6mIzxSBYEZUePp_Spmb7r1bLL8XlUgCKgB/s1600/waste-material-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iQmZaX0CdnM/V0sJN5sQRoI/AAAAAAAAATA/Nes6mIzxSBYEZUePp_Spmb7r1bLL8XlUgCKgB/s320/waste-material-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0v5hV0pJLIY/V0sJOHntsQI/AAAAAAAAATA/K12AJZcvjL0neJmw-GlMjbkWOeb_Kwc-wCKgB/s1600/waste-material-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0v5hV0pJLIY/V0sJOHntsQI/AAAAAAAAATA/K12AJZcvjL0neJmw-GlMjbkWOeb_Kwc-wCKgB/s320/waste-material-4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.8pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recycle: the use of waste itself as resources<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aKauNSNNukg/V0sJMzVO-ZI/AAAAAAAAATA/hv35vNHZ_oAyw-uck-V9CZ_7QvWg_RHvQCKgB/s1600/categorize-garbage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aKauNSNNukg/V0sJMzVO-ZI/AAAAAAAAATA/hv35vNHZ_oAyw-uck-V9CZ_7QvWg_RHvQCKgB/s400/categorize-garbage.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Categorize waste into several groups such as polythene, plastic, glass, paper and food waste. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Put separate bins for each above items.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use clear signs and posters to encourage everyone to use recycling bins and use them correctly.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="MsoSubtitle"> <span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b>Let’s make a better world for everyone.</b></span><o:p></o:p></span><br /> <span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><br /></b></span></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PNxdMU-Njkk/V0sJNCfbpWI/AAAAAAAAATA/36Sg00vkENQcmE1s-PjChQ3uU_SR8SS0gCKgB/s1600/save-our-world.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="100" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PNxdMU-Njkk/V0sJNCfbpWI/AAAAAAAAATA/36Sg00vkENQcmE1s-PjChQ3uU_SR8SS0gCKgB/s400/save-our-world.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div> <div class="MsoSubtitle"> <span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div> <div class="MsoSubtitle"> <span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div> </div> </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); 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Tips to Minimize Solid Waste Generation in the Sustainable Manner

Why we need to minimize waste generation 1)       Save our money. 2)       Minimize environmental pollution and problems.        Ex...

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